Twelfth Night Act 3 Scene 4 Essay Example For Students

Twelfth Night Act 3 Scene 4 Essay When Malvolio enters in Act 3 Scene 4 the audience are in anticipation as to how he will be dressed and how he acts. They were told two scenes previously that he is dressed most villainously, in cross-gartered yellow stockings. There is a short scene separating the two in which the audiences excitement and anticipation grows. Their imagination will have conjured up vivid images of what they expect him to look like; because of this it is important that it is not anti-climactic. As he enters he is skipping, head held high, a transformed character. He is no longer the drab depressive puritan that he was, a complete contrast. When he says, Sweet lady, ho, ho! to Olivia, he bows down as if addressing royalty, and his voice is higher than usual, almost singsong. Olivia is bemused by this, not knowing what could be responsible for such a dramatic change of character. She, of course, is completely ignorant of the letter she had supposedly written to him. She questions him about his merriness, because she had sent for him to calm her down, to remind her of her sadness at her brothers death. He replies that he could be sad because the cross gartering does make some obstruction in the blood, but that he could not be sad because it pleases her. When he is saying this he lifts up his leg to show the stockings. This would amuse the audience because he is a straight-laced puritan, who had appeared to be against anything remotely fun, and now he is strutting around in garish yellow cross-gartered stockings. We will write a custom essay on Twelfth Night Act 3 Scene 4 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Deep down, of course, Malvolio feels a complete imbecile who looks completely ridiculous, but does it because he believes that it pleases Olivia. This may cause the audience to feel sorry for him, but at this stage in the play they have grown to detest his pompous, self-opinionated manner. As the scene goes on, Malvolio gains more and more confidence, there is no doubt in his mind that Olivia wants him. This thinking is fuelled when Olivia, concerned that he is not well (due to his behaviour), says Wilt thou go to bed, Malvolio? He thinks this as a sexual invitation, which again, would amuse the audience. For a brief moment he reverts back to his old way of thinking and exclaims to bed? However, he soon recovers and sys Ay, sweetheart, Ill come to thee. By now Olivia is becoming more and more concerned. She begins to back away from Malvolio, unsettled by his unpredictability. Not long ago she had called for him to depress her, now he thinks she wants her to go to bed with him! The audience would be in raptures by this point. Olivia responds in a stammered manner, God comfort thee!, as if he is suffering from some kind of mind-deteriorating illness, and wants God to cure him of it. As the scene progresses Malvolio acts increasingly sycophantic towards Olivia. He begins to quote form the letter he believes that she wrote for him. He emphasises the word great, which is in most of the quotes he uses. This shows the audience that he has spent hours pouring over the letter, learning it word for word, as if it was his most prized possession. He recites the quotes with growing aplomb. As he says them his eyes are closed and his arms are gesturing upwards, trying to show Olivia what the letter meant for him. Olivias bemusement turns to bewilderment, which in turn a lead to a hint of being frightened of what he is going to do next. She responds in a startled manner to his quotes, saying ha?, what sayst thou? and heaven restore thee!. As if some demonic force that is causing him to act in this way possesses him. .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 , .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 .postImageUrl , .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 , .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18:hover , .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18:visited , .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18:active { border:0!important; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18:active , .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18 .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53d12133788b4d9b825cb762b2662e18:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Midsummers Night Dream1 EssayWhen a servant enters to speak with Olivia, she takes the opportunity to leave, to get away from the mad Malvolio. The audience will remember this scene long after the play. They find Malvolios arrogance, pomposity and vanity amusing. They like to see him made fun of, as Maria undoubtedly does during the scene, exclaiming in shock at Malvolios misunderstanding of Olivia telling him to go to bed.

Biotic Organism ID essays

Biotic Organism ID essays The Osprey is usually 21-24 in length. Its wingspan is usually 46-6. It has a brown back and white belly. The Ospreys head is white with a dark line through the eye and on the side of the face. It is found near lakes, rivers and seacoasts. The osprey was observed on a bird watching trip on September 22, 2001, between the times of 10:00 am and 10:30 pm. Mr. Russell Kovach, as well as myself saw the bird resting on power lines over the water on the lower side of the Conowingo Dam 1. Known as the Fish Hawk 2. Often misidentified, because at a distance the Osprey resembles a gull. 3. Once a fish is sighted, the osprey dives steeply and sometimes completely underwater to make a catch. 4. If an osprey makes a catch, it always adjusts the fish in its talons, so that the head of the fish faces forward. 5. Population declined drastically because of pesticides used in the 50s and 60s, but has since made a remarkable recovery The Cedar Waxwing is usually 6Â ½-8 in length. The cedar waxwing is a sleek, crested, brown bird. It has a black face, yellow tips on its tail, and red wax-like tips on its secondary wingtips. It is found near open woodlands, residential areas, as well as near orchards. Inhabits areas from mid-Canada through America. The cedar Waxwing was spotted on a bird watching trip on September 22, 2001, around 9:00 am. The bird was seen on a shedding tree located on the outskirts of the dense woods of Susquehanna State Park by Mr. Kovach, as well as myself. 1. Waxwings spend most of their time in flocks whose movements are quite erratic. 2. Enemy of Berry Farmers, because hundreds will appear at a crop of berries and eat until the entire crop is exhausted 3. Adults store food for their young in a crop, a pouch located in the throat, and are able to regurgitate as many as 30 ...

GDP and the Business Cycle Economic Health Memo Term Paper

GDP and the Business Cycle Economic Health Memo - Term Paper Example The business cycle, predictive statistics and government policy are obviously all intertwined. GDP and the business cycle are closely tied together. But how much? Is GDP actually good at predicting the future of the market? And what do the commensurate fiscal policies do to the economy? GDP is different from GNP. GDP is the domestic product: It is all the things and services that were produced domestically, no matter who owned them, even if it was foreign buyers. GNP, meanwhile, is the amount held by the nation, including the value of its overseas investment. GDP is about the borders of the nation, GNP about the national ownership. But both are used to predict the business cycle. GDP is designed to help firms manage uncertainty (Roubini). By getting a feeling for how the whole economy is doing, business managers can decide whether or not to pursue risky policies or batten the hatches and wait for things to get better. In general, markets go through boom-bust cycles about every twenty years (Mead, 1992). Knowing how GDP is doing now helps to predict if we're in a boom or a bust, which is important to the business cycle. However, GDP's value as an economic indicator, and therefore a predictor of the business cycle, is coming under attack now. Roubini, for example, points out that, â€Å"The best advice I can give you is to realize that there is an unavoidable amount of uncertainty in the economy. This is even more true of firms and their financial statements. So what do we do? My choice is to get out of this game altogether, but not everyone has this option---a firm, for example, has to forge ahead the best it can. The first thing you should know is that there's a lot of uncertainty out there, and no amount of commercial forecasting is going to change that†. Roubini is saying that GDP isn't ever for certain: It can be determined one year then the same year can be revised a whole percentage point later! It's hard to predict things like wars or terrorist att acks. In fact, GDP is very easy to â€Å"game† (Ritholtz, 2010). â€Å"[Y]ou simply under-report inflation, and GDP appears to be better than it is†. Since inflation depends on counting the value of a good last year, and doing so across many goods to make sure that it's not just one or two goods that grew in price for other reasons, there's a lot of subjectivity and uncertainty in making it. GDP is also not as helpful as it could be because it positively counts negative externalities (Ritholtz, 2010). That means that pollution, which is a bad thing, is counted as a good thing because it makes people spend money to go to the doctor or buy new houses to move. â€Å"If you buy a car, the GDP goes up. If you cut a tree, the GDP goes up. But if you preserve the tree, the GDP does not grow. Now you have to decide whether you need the tree or the GDP† (Sharma, 2010). Thus, it is hard to use the GDP to predict the business cycle, and economists are looking for a better indicator of economic health. Fiscal policies are guided by economic facts and by measures like the GDP: As we've seen already, the GDP's inadequacies can cause lawmakers concerned only with increasing the GDP to increase externalities such as injured workers, ecological damage and health costs as a byproduct, and not reap the consequences or even be aware of them. But what about fiscal policy and unemployment? The jury is out as to whether reducing or increasing taxes, reducing or increasing spending, etc. is better for production and employment. A major Heritage Foundation study finds that â€Å"a large and growing government is not conducive to better economic performance. Indeed, reducing the size of government would lead to higher incomes and improve America's competitiveness† (Mitchell, 2005). Mitchell cites a Rahn curve, which says that there's a curve in tax revenue between 0 and 100%. The theory is simple: If you tax 100% of income, no one produces anything; but if y ou tax 0%, the government

Mobile phone dependency Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Mobile phone dependency - Research Paper Example The evolution has occurred, and a series of changes have enabled the modern modes of communication, where technology is the aspect that is driving communication. In the presence, age gadgets are been used to pass messages instead of having to deliver the message to the intended parties. With this development, much have changed from the way people communicate to the language used to pass this messages. In the past, the mode of delivering information was essentially formal, and much respect was accorded to the communication, mostly when it came to face to face, among people of different ages. There are different means to communicate, where the variation is based on the method of sending, transmitting and receiving the message. Technology has far much affected the way of communication in the greatest means. In this age, people have adapted news means of transmission which allow messages to be encoded in the electronic devices and sent through the devices (Jin & Park 2010). Communication through digital devices is considered fast and time-saving, thus the reason the y- generation finds it preferable. Here, it takes a fraction of a minute to encode the information into the gadget, such as through text messages. Then, the message is instantly transferred to the recipient via the internet connection or GSM connection. On the other hand, Thulin and Vilhelson (2010) states that the messenger could take more than a day to deliver a message from one village to the other in the 1000 BC. Currently, it may take many hours to travel to the recipient, in order to deliver the message via face-to-face method. The digital communication is also considered cheap compared to voice to voice communication. In the text and social media communication, the cost of transport is cut to zero because the distance between the parties is not a factor that

Econometrics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Econometrics - Assignment Example It therefore demonstrated beyond any reasonable doubt that the availability of married females in the work place was directly proportional to the size of their families. This could be explained by the competition for time brought about by the existence of families, Such that the woman had to make a choice between taking care of the family and coming to work. Question B The estimated logit model had a lot of resemblance to the LMP in terms of statistical significance and estimated coefficients. The few deviation (variations) were identified in cases where the females involved had some sought of secondary education. Weather this was as a result of better time management skills learnt in school or not is a subject of debate which can be investigated further but what is certainly true is that the level of education had an impact on the availability of married females at the work place. Question C An increase in a married female’s education had a substantial impact on the estimated logit model. The deviation from the logit model caused by an increase in female’s education was up to a maximum of three and a minimum of one. This was very evident from the resultant patterns plotted by the graphs. This confirmed the previous hypothesis that the level of education of a married female had a significant impact on their availability in the work place. The amount of money earned by other family members in the family was found to have a marginal impact on the logit model but the impact was not of statistical significance. It therefore appeared as though the amount of time the women put in to their work did not depend on the availability or increase of other sources of income brought into the family by other members of the family. Regression Model 2, Question D The Tobit model was to investigate weather the various variables had an impact on the amount time married women spent at work. The main variable to be investigated here was the size of the families that th ese females were responsible over. The model and the associated variable focuses on the availability of married females in the labor force, it was expected that their level of availability would be dependant on the size of their families indicated by the number of children they had. Such that, the more the children, the bigger the family thus less participation at the work place. On the logit model, the inlf coefficient was therefore expected to be inversely proportional to the kid_s and kid_m coefficients. The expected signs were realized and they were of statistical significance. The coefficients demonstrated the effect of large families on the amount of hours married females spent at work. It was noted that women with relatively smaller families spent more time at work than those with larger families. Question E There was statistically significant difference in the estimated coefficients between the Tobit and the OLS estimations which were very much expected. The differences were evident I both the signs they plotted and the magnitude of those signs. This led to the confirmation of the previously stated hypotheses namely, that is increased education and reduced families enhanced the availability of married females at work. The other hypothesis was that increase in alternative incomes by other family members had a negative impact on the availabili

History of Gout Research

History of Gout Research Hyperuricemia is a biochemical defect distinguished by Serum uric acid (sUA) level greater than 6.8mg/dl (Sunkureddi et al. 2006). In majority of cases (90%), hyperuricemia arise due to reduced excretion of uric acid by kidneys, whereas in residual cases (10%), there is enlarged production of uric acid (Canella et al. 2005). . Gout is an illness that is correlated to overload synthesis, and deposition of uric acid crystals. These crystals form secondary to hyperuricemia that is a serum urate concentration greater than 0.42 mmol/L (Eggebeen et al. 2007; Chen et al. 2008). Hyperuricemia and gout are significantly high risks for kidney or bladder stones (urolithiasis).The prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia among US adults in 2007–2008 was 3.9% (Zhu et al. 2011) while 18% observed in the German population (Mikuls et al. 2007). They are highly prevalent and have treatment preposition beyond the care of inflamed joints. Gouty arthritis were amongst the initial disease to be documented in clinical entity, Identified by the Egyptians in 2640 BC (Nuki et al. 2006), podagra (acute gout stirring in the first metatarsophalangeal joint) was later on recognized by Hippocrates in the fifth century BC, who termed as ‘the unwalkable disease’. Some of Hippocrates’ outstanding clinical perception in relation to gout are potted in aphorisms, which are as accurate today as they were 2500 years ago (Hippocrates et al. 1886). Hippocrates also distinguished the connection between the disease and an unbalanced lifestyle referring to podagra as ‘arthritis of the rich’, as contrasting to rheumatism, an arthritis of the deprived people There are the four differents stages that medical professionals use to classify for the gout. The Asymptomatic gout, The Acute gout ,The Chronic goutand The Interval or intercritical goutIn asymptomatic goutthere is increase in the level of uric acid with the complaint of increase in the pain in the joints and there is no more symptoms. In acute gout this patients have too much pain in their joints and there is a swelling and assiated with the redness of joints.90% of patients have attack on their big toe. Other joints involved are ankle,midfoot heel and knee but any joints can be involved. The attack with gout can be resolved within one or two days. In the interval gout stage there is acute gouty flares and the patients has no symptoms.there is increase in the number of gouty attack if the uric acid level below 6 mg/dl .the most of patients have attack but they have never exprinced another attack of gout, Chornic gout develops because of high level of uric acid in their body for man y years.firm nodular swelling is called tophi.the tophi can occurs anywhere the most common location are antihelix and helix of ear,digits of feet and hands. (Hench et al.1936; Nakayama et al. 1984). It is estimated that the incidence and prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the USA are over 6 and 42 million, respectively, with a progressively increasing pattern and affecting mainly men over the age of 40 years (Lawrence et al. 2008). The rate of gout in African living in America is generally about 13% of the US population, and is double in comparison with Caucasians to develop gout. In a prospective cohort study, young men 571 Caucasian and 352 African living in America were followed for a mean duration of 29 years. The growing incidence of gout in these 2 cohorts was 5.8% and 10.9%, correspondingly. Yet, African living in America represent only 10% of the patients treated for gout.(Alvin et al2012) All the way through history gout has been linked with rich foods and extreme alcohol consumption. Because it is evidently connected with a way of life that, at least in the past, could only be afforded bythe rich, gout has been referred to as the ‘disease of kings’. In some eras gout was apparent as publicly desirable because of its occurrence among the politically and socially influential people. In his typical monograph on the history of gout (Copeman et al. 1964), Copeman refers to a comment in the London Timesin 1900, â€Å"The common cold is well named, but the gout seems right away to lift up the patient’s social status†, and to another in Punch in 1964, â€Å"In observance with the spirit of moredemocratic times, gout is becoming less upper-class and is now open to all. It is preposterous that a man should be barred from enjoying gout because he went to the wrong school.† In history, gout has been well thought-out to be primarily a male disease, But actuality that women can also develop gout was first documented through the reign of Nero (AD 54–68) by Seneca, who observed, in this age, women competitor men in every kind of lasciviousness. Why require we then be astonished at considering so many of the female sex afflicted with the gout (Froster et al 1979). In the current era, although gout remains first and foremost a disease of men in middle age, it has turn out to be more and more frequent in women, predominantly after the menopause.( Hench et al.1936; Nakayama et al. 1984). The ancestral connection of gout was documented hundreds of years ago but important the exact genetic mechanisms weren’t achievable until the arrival of modern genetic tools. Gout was incorporated as an inherited disorder in the seminal work of Archibald E. Garrod in his 1931 publication on inborn errors in metabolism. Garrod well thought-out gout to be a dominantly inherited trait.(Gray et al 2012) In earlier times, attacks of gout were also seen as a prophylactic against more serious diseases. According to the writer Horace Walpole gout â€Å"prevents other illnesses and prolongs life might I treat that gout, should not I have a fever, palsy (Lewis et al. 1873),. In recent decades, however, the diet and lifestyle that predispose persons to hyperuricemia and gout have become all the time more common. The role of excess nutritional purines (derived from meat, seafood, and beer) in the progress of gout is illustrated by the difference between the incidence of gout in Asia and Europe. Traditional Asian diets, based on rice and vegetables, are small in dietary purines, and gout has been moderately rare in these cultures. In contrast, European and American diets, which are high in meat and definite sea foods, are linked with hyperuricemia and gout (Choi et al. 200; Zollner et al. 1973). Rising affluence has also led to an increase in the figure of people following a westernized diet and lifestyle, and this has been paralleled by an increase in the occurrence and incidence of gout throughout the world. Purines are machinery of nucleosides, the structure blocks of DNA and RNA. Purine nucleosides are used in the formation of other metabolically significant factors as well, such asadensosinetriphosphate, S-adeneosylmethione, and nicotineadeninedinucleotide. Given the significance of purine-containing molecules for continued existence, vertebrates, including humans, have developed robust mechanism for producing enough purine nucleosides for their metabolism using willingly available materials (such as glucose, glycine, and glutamine), as well as recycling purine nucleosides from all through the body or from the diet (Richette et al; Wilson et al. 2010). Purines can be divided into two types Endogenouspurines are manufactured within human cells. And exogenouspurines are obtained from foods. In mammals, surplus purine nucleosides are detached from the body by collapse in the liver and excretion from the kidneys. For most mammals, the purines are first transformed into the transitional uric acid, which is then metabolized by the enzymeuricaseinto the compound allantoin. Allantoin is a very soluble compound that can without difficulty pass through the bloodstream, become clean by the kidneys, and be excreted from the body. In dissimilarity to other mammals, humans and other primates lack a serviceable uricase enzyme, and can only break purines down into uric acid. The procedure of breaking down purines results in the configuration of uric acid in the humans body is not as easy to detached, because human body lack uricase, and that can build up in body tissues. The levels of uric acid in the blood depend on 2 factors. The first is the rate of uric acid synthesis in the liver. While uric acid consequences from purine degradation, its levels are influenced by both the amount of purines synthesized in the body, as well as the amounts of purines absorbed from the diet The second determinant of blood uric acid levels is the rate of uric acid excretion from the kidneys. The residual uric acid travels all the way through the intestines, where bacteria help break it down (Richette et al. 2010). Excretion has the maximum effect on blood uric acid levels, with about 90% of hyperuricemia cases attributed to impaired renal excretion (Choi et al. 2005). Impaired excretion is most often due to abnormality in the kidney urate carrier or organic ion transporter, both of which control the movement of uric acid out of proximal kidney tubules and into urine (Enomoto A et al. 2002). The treatment of gout consists of controlling the pain, Reducing the serum urate levels, changing unhealthy life styles, preventing the complications of chronic gout. (Schumacher et al 2008) By changing the life style because unhealthy life style will result increase hypertension,hyperlipidemia and obesity,by controlling diet of purine consumption causes significant decrease in the serum urate level but the greater decrease is seen in those patients who have stop the alcohol consumption in their diet (choi et al 2005) There are number of ways to reduced the sUA level.the best way is too control the diet,but sometime along with the drugs.sometime these drug are very effective and reduced the sUA very quickly. (choi hk et al 2008) Following drugs are also used to lower sUA level urate levels: Uricosuric agents (ii) Allopurinol and Febuxostat: Uricosuric agents:  Two drugs that belong to this group are benzbromane and probencid.these two are weal organic acid and lower the sUA level,by inhibition of tublar rebsorptionof urate in the renal tubular system and increasing uric acid in the urine. These agents are indicated when the renal execration of urate are decreased.it is contraindicated in patient with renal calculi(Alvin et al 2012). Two drugs that belong to xanthine oxidiase inhibitor are Allopurinol and Febuxostat. Xanthine oxidase inhibitor along with uricosuric agent are used to increase the urinary execration of urate .The two drugs Febuxostat and Allopurinolare used to lower the sUA level and their Xanthine oxidase xanthine oxidase is the only enzyme that break down the purine bases and catalyze the conservation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and the xanthine to uric acid .then uric acid normally excerated .this enzyme deficiency is may be due to the gentic factor, sometime more consumtion of purine food and less production of enzyme.If any drug that is metabolized by xanthine oxidased,its action is increased by Allopurinol drug llike mercaptopurine FEBUXOSTAT: Febuxostatis a urate decreasing drug and inhibitor of xanthine oxidase so that is used in the treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout (Grosser T et al. 2011). Febuxostat was approved by the European Medicines Agency on April 21, 2008and after one year it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on February 16, 2009 Febuxostat lowers sUA concentrations by acting on the purine catabolism, the mechanism of action is oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid(Becker et al. 2005). . it is structurally quite different from Allopurinol, has an different mechanism of action on enzyme inhibition, and is more potent.Unlike Allopurinol, that undergoes oxidation to the active metabolite oxypurinol and interacts chemically with the molybdenum center of xanthine oxidase, Febuxostat remains unchanged and inhibits xanthine oxidase by binding in a narrow channel leading to the molybdenum center of the enzyme. By this mechanism, Febuxostat is able to inhibit both the reduced and oxidized form of xanthine oxidase to produce sustained reductions in sUA levels. (Beckar et al 2010) The capability of humans and primates to protect blood levels of uric acid (due to slow kidney filtration and lack of a uricase enzyme) was probably useful to our evolution, by increasing antioxidant capacity of the blood (Alvarez-Lario et al. 2011). Vitamin.C Humans and primates are one of the few mammals that cannot produce their own vitamin c( vit.c), and may have evolve the capability to protect uric acid to reimburse for this (Hediger MA et al. 2002). For example, blood uric acid levels in humans are in general about 6 times that of vit.c, and about ten times the levels in other mammals (Roch-Ramel F et al. 1999). Like vit.c, uric acid has a principle role in shielding high-oxygen tissues (like the brain) from spoil, and low blood uric acid levels have been linked with the succession or greater than before risk of more than a few neurological disorders, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Keizmann D et al. 2009), Multiple sclerosis (Rentzos M et al. 2006), and Huntingtons (Auinger P et al. 2010), Parkinsons (Andreadou E et al. 2009), and Alzheimers diseases (Kim TS et al. 2006).

News Events in Television History :: essays papers

News Events in Television History News Events in the History of TV In chronicling the past 50 years of television, the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences includes many clips from historical events that were carried on television. Including these news events is appropriate to the history of television because the advent of this technology brought the nation and world together in times of tragedy and joy via the 'global village' created by this medium. The events that changed our world also changed the world of television. It can be argued that it is not necessary to include world events when discussing the history of television, simply because they were not created for television, but television created programming to include it, but this is a narrow-minded view of the medium that is television. The fact that the entire world was able to be brought together and be educated about world news at the same time was a revolutionary thing. Rather than television changing the course of human events, human events changed the direction in which television programming was headed. Prior to television, people found out about happenings through word of mouth, or newspapers at best. This new media source brought a sense of immediacy to current events. The inclusion of the assassination of John F. Kennedy in the montage from the Emmy awards shows a critical turning point in television news. Prior to this event, news on television was not as important to citizens because nothing so monumental had been broadcast that affected as many people. This changed the basis of television news from small, local, everyday events, to coverage of worldwide occurrences that had a deep impact on everyone. Some may argue that these news events should not have been included in such a short montage of the history of television. Clips from such events as the Vietnam War and the crash of the space shuttle Challenger were not part of television. They were part of the military history and NASA, respectively. Simply because they were broadcast on television does not make them part of television history. Television began as an entertainment medium, and continues to entertain as a primary function. The broadcast of news events is part of television, but should not be considered so important as to be included in such a compact history.